The report defines work not only as employment, but as a means to contribute to the public good, reduce inequality, secure livelihoods and empower individuals. Human development report 2003 charts decadelong income drop in 54 countries. Such group inequality fuels dissatisfaction and grievances. Human development in africa s middleinco me countries. The capital of the country, which became independent on 21 march 1990 from south africa, is windhoek. Calculations of hdi values and country rankings are the sole responsibility of the human development report office. Economic report on africa 2011 governing development in africa the role of the state in economic transformation the world economy grew by 3.
Francophone countries of subsaharan africa, with significant support from the imf and development partners. For some african countries, there is cheery news in the 2011 human development report. Human development in africa european historical economics. The majority of ghanaians an estimated 60% still work in the agriculture sector.
Tax administration reform in the francophone countries of sub. Economic commission for africa african union economic report. Human development was originally defined as a process of enlarging peoples choices that enables them to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living undp 1990. On a global scale, its population density is very low.
Over the last decade, there has been a change in the. Junior roy davis team leader, laura paez and bineswaree bolaky. Most developing countries are emerging from the crisis with their fiscal prospects broadly intact imf, 2010a, but with many still facing a fundamental need to raise more revenue from their own tax bases. Change in human development by africa s regions, 198020. This paper is prepared for the international centre for tax and development ictd, as part of the project peoples views of taxation in africa. Sammendrag human development report 2011 cover 1 cover 4 cover 2 cover 3 global, regional and national human development reports human development reportse annual global human development reports hdrs have been published by undp since 1990 as intellectually independent and empirically grounded analyses of development issues, trends, progress and. Human development report 2012 towards a food secure future united nations development programme regional bureau for africa rba one united nations plaza new york, ny 10017 empowered lives. Nations development programmes undp human development reports since that time alkire and santos 2010, 2014. This first africa human development report 2012 seeks to look beyond direct causes of food insecurity, such as crop failure, to highlight the social and political dimensions that are inhibiting progress. Subsaharan africa has been portrayed as the most vulnerable region to the impacts of global climate change because of its reliance on agriculture which is highly sensitive to weather and climate variables such as temperature, precipitation, and light and extreme events and low capacity for adaptation. Research and analysis working group, united republic of tanzania.
African development report 2011 02dec20 over the past decade, african countries have made great strides in improving their economic management and creating a better business climate. Social influences in the social influence model, compliance behavior and attitudes towards the tax system is thought to be affected by the behavior and social norms of an individuals reference group snavely 1990. Due to misguided policies, weak institutions and failing markets, subsaharan africa has millions of hungry and malnourished people. R annual report of the economic and social commission for asia and the pacific. This study attempts to explore factors that determine citizens tax compliance.
Namibia is a member of the regional economic community sadc. The work was completed under the overall supervision of taffere tesfachew, director of the division for africa, least developed countries and special programmes at unctad. The 2011 world development report looks across disciplines and experiences drawn from around the world to offer some ideas and practical recommendations. Climate change and variability in subsaharan africa. The 2011 human development report offers important new contributions to the global dialogue on. For too long the face of subsaharan africa has been one of dehumanizing hunger. By tonia marek, catherine ofarrell, chiaki yamamoto, ilyse zable contributors. The tanzania human development report thdr 2017 social policy in the context of economic transformation in tanzania builds on the ideas put forward by thdr 2014. The impact of tax fraud on human and economic development in west. Trends and opportunities in publicprivate partnerships to improve health service delivery in africa. These included the world development report 2011, which focuses on conflict, security, and development, and responding to global food price volatility and its impact on food security, which examines the banks responses to food price increases and climate change risks. Resources related to the 2011 report and earlier hdrs are available free of charge at hdr. South africa is an uppermiddleincome economy one of only eight such countries in africa. However, little is known about tax compliance behavior in developing countries andreoni et al.
The economic development in africa report 2011 is the product of joint work between unctad and unido. Undp, the sponsor of human development index methodology since 1990, reported indias hdi to be 0. Over the past two decades, west africa has been a notorious center of. Oddhelge fjeldstad cmi collette schulzherzenberg iss ingrid hoem sjursen cmi wp 2012.
The contribution of african women to economic growth and. Still, the country offers a large, lowcost labour pool. The economy of south africa is the second largest in africa, after nigeria. We start by looking at patterns of carbon dioxide emissions over time, a good if imper fect proxy for the environmental impacts of. African development report african development bank. List of indian states and territories by human development. Africa human development report 2012 towards a food secure future women surveyed were overweight and more than 5% were obese figure 2. Gayi, head, special unit on commodities suc, until his retirement in. The 2011 human development report argues that the urgent global challenges of sustainability and equity must be addressed together and identifies policies on the national and global level that could spur mutually reinforcing progress towards these. Since 2000 africa has experienced several episodes of acute food insecurity, with immense loss of lives and livelihoods. Human development report 2019 inequalities in human development in the 21st century briefing note for countries on the 2019 human development report south africa introduction the main premise of the human development approach is that expanding peoples freedoms is both the main aim of, and the principal means for sustainable development. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the banks publications are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the african development bank, its board of directors, or the countries they represent. Riel franzsen and william m ccluskey property tax in africa. Among the many reports issued as world leaders gather in new york to discuss their commitment to fighting world poverty, the annual human development report is among the most blunt in concluding that the promise to the worlds poor is.
The report argues that managing structural changes, realising productivity gains by investing more in human capital, and creating an enabling business environment are key actions for the government of tanzania to create decent, productive jobs and achieve inclusive growth. Africa s rebound strengthened from the gdp growth rate of 2. Economic report on africa 2011 united nations economic. The current release of the tanzania human development report thdr 2014 is the. The report s main conclusion is that regional integration is still a relevant pillar for africas development, although the global context has changed greatly since the continental goal was first introduced in the 1960s. While joao lourenco has made headlines for highprofile corruption indictments against the. In october 2010 the human development report undp 2010 introduced. Computed by the afhdr team from data in undp, 2015. The key messages are important for all countrieslow, middle, and high incomeas well as for regional and global.
A survey of key issues wp jonathan di john working paper for the series governance, state and development in sub. Weak and precarious human development human development in guineabissau continues to be weak and precarious. The chain of food security that runs from food availability. Tax administration reform in the francophone countries of. Property tax is an annual levy on immovable property, such as land and buildings, usually paid by the owner to the state. Tanzania, poverty, economics, education, health, sanitation, governance. Trends and opportunities in publicprivate partnerships to.
Development progress in the worlds poorest countries could be halted or even reversed by midcentury unless bold steps are taken now to slow climate change, prevent further environmental damage, and reduce deep inequalities within and among nations, according to projections in the 2011 human development report. African development bank african development fund boards of governors adb fortyeighth annual meeting adf thirtyninth annual meeting marrakech, morocco may 2731, 20 report by the boards of directors of the african development bank and the african development fund covering the period january 1 to december 31, 2012 adbadfbgar2012. Monthly evolution of commodity prices, exchange rate and world industrial. The 2018 update presents hdi values for 189 countries and territories with the most recent data for 2017.
How property tax would benefit africa africa research institute. Over the past two decades, regionally focused hdrs have. Arab development challenges report 2011 nov 8, 20 this second development challenges report, coming at a time when the region is passing through a critical historical juncture, attempts to go beyond the numbers to uncover processes that have underpinned mutually reinforcing drivers of social, economic and political exclusion. Human development report office hdro calculations based on data from undesa united nations department of economic and social affairs, 2011, world population prospects. African development report, to highlight its potential in africa. It is poised to become the main engine of growth for the african continent. The study is important because change in determinants of tax revenue has a great impact on tax revenue collected as a result of financial sustainability for a nation. While the reforms have contributed to an increase in revenues, attention is still needed to address a number of weaknesses in these countries tax administrations. Taxation, governance and resource mobilisation in sub. This report has been prepared by the organisations mandated at the g20 seoul summit. This form of taxation is closely associated with financing municipal government because of the immediate connection between property values and services funded at the local level. Bold action is needed on both fronts, the report contends, if the recent. Commodity markets, economic growth and development acknowledgments the commodities and development report 2017 is a joint publication prepared by unctad and the fao. This first africa human devel opment report seeks to understand the deeper causes behind these two jarring paradoxes and explores options for unleashing an era of mutually reinforcing advances in food security and human development.
Coordinated by eurodad published by eurodadglobal policy forum et al. Both reports share a common objective of addressing what might be considered two unfinished agenda items on africas development trajectory. African development report 2011 african development bank building today, a. Human development report 2011 human development reports. It is reasonable to assume that human behavior in the area of taxation is. The hdi value has been steadily increasing over time and at last measure in 2011 stood at 0. Internal revenue service department of the treasury publication 2105 rev. However, gdp growth rates in subsaharan africa are unlikely. Giaba report tax fraud and money laundering in west africa. Taxes can either be direct levied on earned income or indirect levied on economic agents agents consumption andor expenditure s. The 2011 world development report looks across disciplines and experiences drawn from around the world to offer some ideas and practical recommendations on how to move beyond conflict and fragility and secure development. Human development index levels and employment sectors in tanzania by region, 2014 ranking of africa s regions in the gender development index, 20 human development in africa s middleincome. The human development report hdr is an annual report published by the human development report office of the united nations development programme undp the first hdr was launched in 1990 by the pakistani economist mahbub ul haq and indian nobel laureate amartya sen. Undp 2010, the mpi assesses peoples deprivations according to ten indicators organized into three equally weighted dimensions.
Summary food insecuritythe inability to consistently acquire. In the aftermath of the 2002 world summit on sustainable development, the aim of the south africa human development report 2003 is to identify the main challenges to sustainable development in south africa, and to define a consistent. This report comes at a time when yet another severe food crisis is affecting the sahel region of west africa. Gdp jeopardising the continents efforts for inclusive human development and economic growth, according to the africa human development report 2016. The african development report 2015 is a production of the development research department. New york, 8 july 2003 while much of the world experienced sustained economic growth in the 1990s, 54 developing countries suffered average income declines over the course of the decade, reveals the united nations development programmes human development report 2003. Factors affecting tax compliant attitude in africa. The 2011 human development report argues that the urgent global challenges of sustainability and equity must be addressed together and identifies policies on the national and global level that could spur mutually reinforcing progress towards these interlinked goals. Human development index ranking 175 out of 187 countries in 2011. Of these countries, 59 are in the very high human development group, 53 in the high, 39 in the medium and only 38 in the low. Africa region human development working paper series. Interest in enhancing revenue mobilization in developing countries is increasing. Since 1996, at the end of over twelve years of international sanctions, south africa s gross domestic product almost.
In the aftermath of the 2002 world summit on sustainable development, the aim of the south africa human development report 2003 is to identify the main challenges to sustainable development in south africa, and to define a consistent strategy and policy direction that will help unlock. Government of indias national human development report. Hidden profits the eus role in supporting an unjust global tax system 2014. This study, involving 742 african security sector professionals from 37 countries, assesses differences in the attitudes, motivations, and values of the emerging generation of african security sector professionals. Summary human development report 2011 sustainability and equity. The development cooperation directorate dcd supports the development assistance committee dac, through data on development finance, and improved development cooperation practices and policies. In 2018, human development index for south africa was 0.
This 2016 africa human development report on gender equality follows the 2012 africa human development report, which looked at the importance of assuring food security for all africans. A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. Published by the friedrichebertstiftung and the civil society reflection group on global development perspectives. It was prepared by a research team consisting of norbert lebale team leader, patrick osakwe unctad, bineswaree bolaky unctad, milasoa cherelrobson unctad and philipp neuerburg unido. As a regional manufacturing hub, it is the most industrialized and diversified economy on the continent.
Human development index rating in africa from 19802011. Since then reports have been released most years, and have explored different themes through the human development. This report also underscores the need for african countries to develop appropriate local content policies, boost infrastructure, human skills and technological capabilities, and foster regional integration and intra african trade. This edition of the national report on human development is published at a time when the world is about to enter a new era of multilateral cooperation, crucial for the future of the planet. The top five countries in the global hdi rankings are norway 0. The 2011 human development report offers important new contributions to the global dia logue on this. According to the undp world development report, guineabissau, with a human. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of individual types of taxes on the economic growth by utilizing regression analysis on the oecd countries for the period of 20002011. We endeavoured to understand the main findings of the report, with respect to the three areas of growth and income poverty, quality of life and social wellbeing, and governance and accountability. Human development index of south africa increased from 0. Africa human development report 2012 summary by undp. The 2011 human development report, an editorially independent publication commissioned by the united nations development programme, was published in print and on line on november 2nd, 2011. It contributes significantly to human development, poverty reduction, and the attainment of the millennium development. Human development report 2011 team the undp human development report o.
We have drawn on a wealth of research and analysis to determine which indicators pro vide the best insights. Ghanas human development indicators have improved notably over the past few years, having achieved a medium level of human development according to the undps human development report. The economic development in africa report 2015 was prepared by a team of unctad contributors. African development report 2011 african development bank. The two main types of direct taxes are personal income tax es pit and corporate income taxes cit. Economic commission for africa african union economic. Africa human development report 2012 by undp turkiye issuu. The 2015 undp human development report hdr focuses on the instrinsic relationship between work and human development. Agreement on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage atp demographic yearbook ser. Development progress in the worlds poorest countries could be halted or even reversed by midcentury unless bold steps are taken now to slow climate change, prevent further environmental damage, and reduce deep inequalities within and among nations, according to projections in the 2011 human development report, launched by the united nations development programme undp. Among the many reports issued as world leaders gather in new york to discuss their commitment to fighting world poverty, the annual human development report is among the most blunt in concluding that the promise to the worlds poor is being broken. Introduction infrastructure development is a key driver for progress across the african continent and a critical enabler for productivity and sustainable economic growth. The challenge going forward is not so much the formulation of new policies but rather.
Human development indicators according to the 2011 human development index hdi, kenya had the highest hdi rate in the region 0. Africa human development report 2012 towards a food secure future africa human development report 2012 towards a food secure future united nations development programme regional bureau for africa rba one united nations plaza new york, ny 10017 empowered lives. May 03, 2012 this statistic shows the change in the human development index hdi rating in africa from 1980 to 2011. The constant political instability made it impossible to create conditions conducive to the implementation of ambitious and sustainable public policies. Human development report 2014 sustainable development the. Supporting the development of more effective tax systems. These form the main focus of this paper, given the reductions in these. Poverty and human development report 2011 africa portal. Africafocus bulletin sep 15, 2005 050915 reposted from sources cited below editors note.